什么是肺炎?
肺炎是肺部炎症的统称, 哪一个可能是由真菌引起的, 病毒, 或者细菌感染. 它可以影响一个或两个肺，也可以只影响某些肺叶. Alveoli (air sacs) become inflamed and engorged with fluid or pus, which may solidify. 任何人都可能感染肺炎, and it can become life-threatening if not accurately diagnosed and treated.
肺炎有哪些不同类型?
There are various types of pneumonia depending on the illness’ location and how it was spread to the patient:
- 单一肺炎: 肺炎只存在于一个肺中.
- 双侧肺炎: 肺炎见于双肺.
- 大叶性肺炎: 肺炎仅见于某些肺叶.
- 轻度肺炎: 也称为非典型肺炎, 这种类型可能不会引起任何症状, and patients go about their routines without knowing they are sick.
- 院内肺炎: This type can be caught during a hospital stay or at a long-term care facility, and pneumonia-causing bacteria may be resistant to antibiotics.
- :社区获得性肺炎 This type can be caught anywhere in public outside of medical settings.
- 吸入性肺炎: 当有人吸入液体时就会出现这种情况, 食物, 或者呕吐到肺里, 导致细菌繁殖.
- 坏死性肺炎: This is a complication of an initial pneumonia infection, causing lung tissue to die. In turn, lung abscesses form and may require surgical intervention.
肺炎的常见危险因素有哪些?
Specific risk factors depend on the type of pneumonia, but generally, they include:
- 婴儿、儿童或65岁以上的
- 接触某些化学物质
- 免疫系统弱的免疫系统弱的
- 咳不清的不能咳得足够厉害以清肺的
- 如果在医院:
- Having other medical conditions such as asthma, heart disease, or emphysema
- Personal history of pneumonia, an organ transplant, HIV, or chemotherapy for cancer
- 服用药物治疗自身免疫性疾病(如.e.(类风湿性关节炎)
- 高粉尘接触职业, 包括农业, 景观, 园艺, 军事, 和建筑
肺炎在夏末和秋季也更为常见.
肺炎的症状和体征是什么?
There are three causes of pneumonia: 细菌, 病毒, and fungal infections. Ranging from mild to severe, signs and symptoms of the illness vary depending on the cause:
细菌性肺炎症状
- 呼吸比平常急促
- 胸部疼痛
- 咳出粘液
- 乏力
- 发烧超过100度.4⁰ F
- 呼吸急促（气促）
病毒性肺炎症状
- 发冷
- 干咳，有或没有粘液
- 发热
- 乏力
- 头疼
- 肌肉疼痛
- 鼻塞
- 弱点
真菌性肺炎
如何诊断肺炎?
People with severe symptoms that warrant an emergency should report to the hospital for immediate evaluation. 如果症状轻微, patients should visit their primary care physician or an internist for diagnostic tests. Either way, physicians will form an accurate diagnosis after tests such as:
- 初步评估和病史
- Physical examination and lung auscultation (listening to the lungs with a stethoscope)
- 影像学检查，如胸部x光检查
- 痰液(肺黏液)培养和分析
- Blood tests such as complete blood count, C-reactive protein, and more
- Pulse oximetry (measuring the saturation of oxygen in the blood)
- 支气管镜检查 (一种用相机观察肺部内部的程序)
肺炎有哪些治疗方案?
肺炎有许多可能的治疗途径, all depending on the type and whether it was caused by a 病毒, 细菌, 或者真菌感染. 一般治疗方法包括:
- 抗生素治疗细菌性肺炎
- 病毒性肺炎的抗病毒药物
- 真菌性肺炎的抗真菌药物
- 住院和重症监护(如有必要)
- 支持性护理措施，例如:
- 喝大量的液体来放松胸部的粘液
- 治疗疼痛的非处方药, 例如非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)
常见的肺炎并发症有哪些?
大多数肺炎患者对治疗反应良好. 然而, as with any illness, potential complications can arise during a pneumonia diagnosis. 这些症状可能严重或危及生命，包括:
- 呼吸困难
- 肺脓肿形成
- 胸腔积液(肺周围积聚的液体/脓液)
- Bacteremia (bacteria entering the bloodstream from the lungs and spreading the infection to other organs)
- 急性呼吸窘迫(ARDS)
- 器官或呼吸衰竭
- 脓毒症
老年人更容易出现并发症, 年幼的孩子, 婴儿, 免疫系统较弱的人, as well as patients with serious conditions such as cirrhosis or diabetes.
肺炎可以预防吗??
It might not be possible to completely prevent pneumonia, but some steps can help decrease the risk. 这些包括:
- 接种疫苗以预防常见病原体
- Good hygiene practices to prevent respiratory infections, including:
- 勤洗手
- 定期消毒高接触表面
- 立即丢弃用过的纸巾
- 打喷嚏或咳嗽时捂住口鼻
- 生活方式的改变，例如:
- 戒烟和避免二手烟
- 适量饮酒
- 有规律的体育活动
- 吃健康、营养丰富的饮食
- 睡眠不足
- 坐直，呼吸时减少肺部的压力
- Practicing deep breathing techniques to help support lung capacity
中国十大网络赌博平台肺炎的常见问题
以下是一些有关肺炎的常见问题:
肺炎需要多长时间才能康复?
肺炎 recovery usually takes seven days to one month for patients with more mild cases. 然而, 因为这种病会有严重的并发症, 还会严重影响肺部, 个体愈合时间从一到六个月不等.
肺炎有什么长期影响吗?
The long-term effects of pneumonia can range from mental health conditions, 比如抑郁和认知功能下降, 导致并发症，比如肺损伤, 心脏和血管疾病恶化, 器官衰竭. Individual risk for long-term pneumonia effects will vary depending on several factors, 包括年龄, 健康状况, 以及肺炎的类型.
哪些人患肺炎的风险更高?
65岁以上老人, 婴儿, 而幼儿的年龄相关风险最高, while those in certain occupations with high dust exposure also are more likely to become infected. 进一步, 那些有某些疾病的人, as well as patients in long-term care facilities or hospitals, 都是高危人群.
See 全国十大网赌正规平台 If You Suspect You Have 肺炎
Even mild cases of pneumonia can become life-threatening if the proper actions are not taken. If patients or their loved ones are experiencing symptoms of pneumonia, 请立即就医. 在新泽西北部治疗病人 位置, 全国十大网赌正规平台 is experienced in diagnosing and treating pneumonia, 还有很多其他疾病. 有关肺炎护理的更多信息，请 联系 全国十大网赌正规平台今天来安排预约.
肺炎 is a respiratory illness caused by lung inflammation. People with pneumonia can easily spread the illness through coughing or sneezing, 因为它们将传染性飞沫释放到空气中. 因为肺炎的传染性很强, 它可以很快从轻微变成严重, 早期诊断和治疗至关重要.
